Electric motor sizing design equations and calculator. For this model of an electric motor the torque speed curve is linear. Propulsion system design and sizing of an electric vehicle. The characteristics of a shunt motor reveal that it is an approximately constant speed motor. Find the starting current of 10 hp, three phase 220 v a class motor. The motor constant is a function of the coil design and the strength and direction of. Preface the handbook of electric power calculationsprovides detailed stepbystep calculation procedures commonly encountered in electrical engineering. The wheel will still spin at a constant velocity, but the motor will be loaded by the frictional force.
Simple formulas and calculations described here are essential for calculating most common motor parameters. Motor calculations calculating mechanical power requirements torque speed curves. Other members of the family are the direct current dc motor or generator, the induction motor or generator, and a number of derivatives of all these three. An electric motor can be much lighter than the equivalent ice with a similar power rating, as will be discussed. Electrical calculations should be made for all spu projects that include electrical components and should be filed in the project notebook. Engineers who design electric machines need simulation tools that can be employed for quick, accurate product development.
Design and analysis of a battery for a formula electric car. Electrical design calculations needed for projects. At each point selected for calculation, the efficiency of the motor is the mechanical power output divided by the electrical power input. By inputting horsepower, motor efficiency, power factor, and system voltage the system will calculate the disconnect size, feeder size, and starter size. The motor constant is a function of the coil design and the strength and direction of the flux lines in the air gap. Step by step motor calculations through pictures i took on the job and relating them to the master and journeyman electrician test.
This is modern metric system that is officially accepted in electrical engineering in read more. The calculation of armature winding turn for the required backemf is decided for voltage limit and magnetic flux per pole, and once armature. Maximum loading of any circuit breaker is 80% of rating for non motor loads with exceptions as noted below. However this is a simplified approach that does not take into consideration many factors. Design of an efficient, low weight battery electric. Electric motors, both ac and dc types, come in many shapes and sizes. A successful salesman for general electric s motor division once remarked to one of your instructors that, when asked by a customer how a motor. Generalized procedure for bldc motor design and substantiation in magnet 7. Nec the national fire protection association nfpa is a national organization that provides guidance in assessing the hazards of the products of combustion.
Motor design limited mdl is a world leader in the development of advanced software design tools for electrical machines. An important component that is an integral part of all electric vehicles is the motor. Photonics ltd 2006 1 introduction this software package is designed to provide a suite of useful calculations for the electrical engineer. Overhead transmission lines and underground cables 9. Motorlab developed with engd student at bristol new software to optimise design for full torquespeed envelope rather than a single torquespeed motorflow to allow the user to automate speedmotorcad calculations without having to write a computer script draw a flow diagram instead. The amount of torque that the driving motor delivers is what plays a decisive role in. Inwheel motor design for an electric scooter 2314 j electr eng techno l. The formulas and calculations which appear below should be used for estimating purposes only. For, example, size 11 mean the mounting face of the motor is 1. Design of an efficient, low weight battery electric vehicle. The induction motor is made up of the stator, or stationary windings, and the rotor. From its beginnings in the late nineteenth century, electrical engineering has blossomed from focusing on electrical circuits for power, telegraphy and telephony to focusing on a much broader range of disciplines.
Lesson 3 understanding and using dc motor specifications. The traction motor used is the permanent magnet synchronous motor pmsm and three phase induction motor im. This portable document format \ pdf \ file contains bookmarks, thumbnails, and hyperlinks to help you navigate through the document. It is estimated that 25% of the total cars across the world will run on electricity by 2025. We will select one of the dc right angle drive gear motors used in the lab. It is the responsibility of the customer to specify the required motor hp, torque and accelerating time for his application. During the infancy of the automobile, electric and gasoline vehicles competed for dominance of the market.
This manual is intended as a guide for electrical engineers and designers hereafter referred as. Stator shape optimization for electrical motor torque. Significance of electrical equipment service factor and voltage regulation of power distribution systems. Each step is a selflearning process for a mechanical student a complexity of every task is different from one to another. Pdf this paper presents the electrical design of highspeed twopole induction motors with a solid rotor cage. The chapter starts by introducing the rudiments of electricity and magnetism, quickly building up to. Motors specification of electric motors marshall wolf automation. Unit 16 electric motors objectives after studying this unit, the student will be able to state the purpose of an electric motor. The actual, realized electric power demand of the building may differ up to. Motor flow to allow the user to automate speed motor cad calculations. When selecting a dc motor for an application, or when developing a powered prototype there are numerous calculations and formulas which must be considered to produce a wellfunctioning, sufficientlypowered, and safe device. Razor scooter wheel motor at first glance, a brushless directcurrent bldc motor might seem more complicated than a permanent magnet brushed dc motor, but the purpose of the following is to emphasize the simple analytical techniques that can be used to understand the operation of a bldc.
Pdf format this file type includes high resolution graphics and schematics when applicable. A power presizing methodology for electric vehicle. Traditional design of cage rotor induction motors ronald g. Start and running torque requirements, calculations for electric motors. To calculate the peak power and torque produced by an electric motor, you will need to know the. An introduction to electric motors stmicroelectronics. Once the motor efficiency has been determined and the input power is known, you can calculate output power. Motor formulas and calculations, index of helpful tools.
Blower and motor calculations by norm christopherson this section includes information on the sizing of motor pulleys, changing rpm and cfm of blowers, motor selection for blowers, belt length changes, and using fan laws for troubleshooting. Design and analysis of a battery for a formula electric car by samuel reineman submitted to the department of mechanical engineering. In the case of rotational motion, the analogous calculation for power is the. Design calculations may be made either manually or by spuapproved computer programs. The synchronous electrical generator also called alternator belongs to the family of electric rotating machines. Thus, a 10horsepower hp motor has an acceptable load range of 5 to 10 hp. How to calculate new dc motor parameters of a modified winding. It includes busbar and cable calculations, powerfactor correction, motor starter selection, and metricimperial conversions. For this example, refer to the motor equivalent circuit and calculations described above. Unit 16 electric motors washington state university. A power presizing methodology for electric vehicle traction motors bekheira tabbache1,2, sofiane djebarri2, abdelaziz kheloui1 and mohamed benbouzid2 abstractthis paper proposes a methodology for presizing the power of an electric vehicle traction motor. At least one of the two magnetic field is generated by a solenoid carrying a current. Pdf electrical scooter mechanical engineering design 1. The functional requirements and design parameters of a motor system can be determined early in.
This module presents power calculations for singlephase and threephase ac circuits and includes the power triangle concept. By employing finite element methods early in the design process, they can accelerate development and achieve higher machine efficiencies using less material, which reduces costs. Dc motor principle a machine that converts dc power into mechanical energy is known as dc motor. Maximum efficiency is usually near 75% of rated load. Motor engineer provides high level technical consulting services for the electric motor and generator design market worldwide. Electric motors formatted to fit inside the wheel of a vehicle have their own special constraints that impact the design of propulsion systems. The handbook of electric power calculationsprovides detailed stepbystep calculation procedures commonly encountered in electrical engineering. To calculate the peak power and torque produced by an electric motor, you will need to. How to calculate new dc motor parameters of a modified winding dc servomotor users sometimes find themselves with the right motor envelope, but the wrong winding characteristics for the job at hand.
If you want to extend your research further see links section and search the internet. Mdl uses its expert knowledge of electric motor design to provide software and support to electric machine designers at some of the worlds most prestigious companies. Pdf calculation of induction motor starting parameters using. Good science project does not stop with building a motor. Design calculations establish minimum guidelines and requirements for generating electrical calculations on projects. What is common to all the members of this family is that the basic physical process involved in their operation is the conversion. How intensively the electric circuit is used the type of enclosure type of cooling the duty cycle of the load the frequency of starting and stopping. It is very important to measure different electrical and mechanical parameters of your motor and calculate unknown values using the following helpful formulas. Find the phase of the motor, this will dictate which table you will go to for the flc.
Motors with 100 volts, or higher ratings, are used in appliances, automation and in industrial applications. Motor sizing calculations this section describes certain items that must be calculated to find the optimum motor for a particular application. Lets just lightly hold the wheel in place against the ground and apply a small normal force. Winding design, modeling, and control for polephase modulation induction motors article pdf available in ieee transactions on magnetics 492. Basic nec code rules and design practice wire ampacity and size. The simulation model consists of the following blocks.
Find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. The phase relation between the rotor and stator magnetic field i. The goal of the electric power demand calculations are to forecast the method of the electric supply of the building and to design and determine the corresponding required electrical utilities. Pdf the aim of this paper is to provide an optimal design of inwheel motor for an electric scooter escooter considering economical production. This tutorial will introduce the user to the fundamental electrical and mechanical principles of ac electric induction motor design. Read online now motor rewinding procedure ebook pdf at our library. Nema sets standards for many electrical products, including motors. Determining electric motor load and efficiency energy. Pdf electrical design of highspeed induction motors of up to 15.
Far too often motors are mismatchedor oversizedfor the load they are intended to serve, or have been rewound multiple times. Repeating this procedure for the instants 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 of fig. Harley and yao duan georgia institute of technology november, 2009. Mechanical energy what is an electric motor an electric motor is a device converting electrical energy into mechanical energy usually a torque. There is a lot of motor calculations on the electrical exam so check back for more caculations. Please provide the formulas for calculating the electric power rating for positive displacement pump progressive cavity, screw pumps, gear pump and reciprocating pumps. Selection procedure first, determine certain features of the design, such as drive mechanism, rough dimensions, distances moved, and positioning period. Engineering design success depends in great part on reducing the time spent creating modules, mechanisms and machines. Segment 2 electric motors and generators introduction to dc and ac motors and generators.
To prevent a motor from burning up, you must provide a means of protecting it from overcurrent overload, short circuit, or ground fault. Electric power bill calculation in residential, commercial and industrial arena. Motor installation and maintenance instructions gei 56128h. Pdf lift and escalator motor sizing with calculations and. In the design of the induction motor, operational characteristics can be determined through a series of calculations. Lathes, drills, boring mills, shapers, spinning, and weaving machines series motor. Its operation is based on the principle that when a current carrying conductor is placed in a. Most electric motors are designed to run at 50% to 100% of rated load. The use of accurate mathematical models can speed up the design.
Motor design ltd is delighted to announce the release of motorcad v12 the latest version of our unique software package dedicated to the electromechanical performance of motors and generators and the optimisation of their cooling. The bosch motors have a no load speed of 95 rpm and a stall torque of 0. The construction monkey motor calculator lets you figure out electrical characteristics of your system given a specific motor. Electrical calculations should be made for all projects that include electrical components and should be filed in the project notebook. The design procedure has been broken down and is shown in the adjacent table. This conversion is usually obtained through the generation of a magnetic field by means of a current flowing into one or more coils. Lift and escalator motor sizing with calculations and examples. Note the 44 rpm speed rating of the motor is under no load. In general, the induction motor is cheaper and easier to maintain compared to other alternatives. The flc is the current level required to produce full load torque on the motor shaft at the rated speed. Industrial electric motor application, design industrial electric motor supply.
The alternating current ac electric induction motor has been an industry workhorse for electromechanical conversion for over 100 years. Get motor rewinding procedure pdf file for free from our online library pdf file. Performing these calculations can help the engineer. Determining electric motor load and efficiency most likely your operations motors account for a large part of your monthly electric bill.
Other members of the family are the directcurrent dc motor or generator, the induction motor or generator, and a number of derivatives of all these three. Induction motor theory jerry bednarczyk, pe course content introduction the ac induction motor is well suited to applications requiring constant speed operation. This tutorial will introduce the user to the fundamental electrical and mechanical principles of ac electric induction motor design and application. When determining the torque requirements for a electric motor, consideration should be given to the load and start time demands during the start duration, operating torque, and peak load torque. Motor torque calculations for electric vehicle saurabh chauhan abstract. For equipment covered by this instruction book, it is important to observe safety precautions to. The following is an approximate electric power demand calculation. By employing finite element methods early in the design process, they can accelerate development and achieve higher machine efficiencies using less. Dc motors although ac motors are used in most of the cases, dc motors have many applications and used for multipurpose applications. Formula for calculating the electric motor power rating. This approach is recommended for the creation of design systems of other types of. Inwheel motor design for electric vehicles by kazim cakir submitted to the graduate school of engineering and natural sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of science sabanci university spring 2004.
A 3phase, y connected, 460 volt line to line, 25 horsepower, 60 hz, 8 pole. Next, the mechanical and electrical design and analysis of the major pack components is discussed. Fem analysis applied to electric machines for electric. Pdf generalized procedure for bldc motor design and. The electric motor operation is based on the following points. Based on the vehicle desired performances, the electric motor optimal power can.
Pdf winding design, modeling, and control for polephase. If you can remember not to confuse motor protection with circuit protection, youll eliminate a major point of confusion in motor calculations. Simple analysis for brushless dc motors case study. In the designing of electrical scooter, there are three phases of the engineering design. There is tons of information with more complex calculations. Although it can be shown that the three motor constants normally specified back emf constant, torque constant, and velocity constant are equal if the proper units are used, calculation is facilitated by the specification.
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